司法部关于加强监管改造工作的若干规定
司法部
司法部关于加强监管改造工作的若干规定
1989年10月20日，司法部
一、劳改机关是执行刑罚、改造罪犯的人民民主专政机关，必须坚决贯彻“改造第一，生产第二”的方针。加强监管改造工作，提高改造质量，是各级劳改机关的首要任务，安排各项活动都要从保证监管安全，提高改造质量出发，使监管改造工作逐步实现法制化、规范化、科学化。
二、劳改工作干警是担负刑事执行任务的人民警察，必须强化专政意识和敌情观念，正确运用阶级斗争观点、分析处理监（所）内存在的问题，同时要增强法制观念、政策观念和教育改造意识。
三、各级劳改机关要高度重视监管改造工作，主要领导要对监管改造工作承担第一位的责任，分管管教工作的领导要全力抓好，其他领导也都要重视和关心这项工作，形成人人参与、层层负责的监管改造工作格局。省、自治区、直辖市劳改局每季度至少召开一次会议，基层单位每月召开一次会议，分析形势，研究解决监管改造工作中存在的问题。
各级劳改机关的主要领导及分管领导，必须经常深入中队直至犯人小组，了解犯人思想，掌握政治动向，及时发现问题和解决问题；要确定个人联系点，每年用一至三个月的时间，蹲点调查监管改造工作，并写出专题调查报告，提出对策措施。
四、劳改工作干警必须秉公执法、廉洁奉公，严格执行政策，不准打骂、虐待犯人，不准使用犯人干私活，不准向犯人及其家属索贿受贿，不准接收犯人及其家属的馈赠，不准贪赃枉法、徇私舞弊，不准侵占、克扣囚粮和应当发给犯人的财物。
五、建立健全监管改造工作机构。监狱、劳改队、少管所应当设立狱政管理科、教育改造科、生活卫生科。
要大力加强狱内侦查工作，坚持公秘结合，先发制敌，形成耳目网络，组建防范体系。重刑犯监狱和押犯3000人以上的大型劳改单位，应当设立狱内侦查科，其他劳改单位也要配备专职狱内侦查干警。狱内侦查干警调动时，应经省（区、市）劳改局同意。
以上职能机构的人员编制（不含内看守队，出、入监队），应占机关科室人员总数的20％。
六、监狱、劳改队、少管所必须切实加强基层基础工作。要认真制定大、中队工作细则及干警工作细则，确立岗位责任制，做到任务明确具体，责任到人到位，严格考核、严明奖罚，严防脱管失控。
大、中队干警的配备，不得少于本单位干警总数的60％；实行三级管理的单位，中队级干警的配备一般应占押犯数的8％；编制不足的单位，中队干警的配备不少于全大队干警数的70％。
七、监狱、劳改队、少管所的各级领导都要对顽固犯、危险分子实行包管、包教、包转化，经常对犯人进行个别教育。机关各职能机构都要从本职业务出发，关心、支持监管改造工作，建立本科室的联系点，参加值班、巡逻，有条件的要经领导统一安排下监舍参加对顽固犯、危险分子的教育改造工作。
八、各级劳改机关的监管改造工作职能机构，有权对各单位的执行刑罚、狱政管理、安全防范、教育改造、生活卫生等工作进行检查、监督。对刑罚执行中违反法律规定的问题，应当发出“纠正违法通知书”，对查出的隐患和漏洞，应当发出“消除隐患通知书”，责成有关单位限期改正。
九、监管改造工作的业务经费必须给予切实保证。劳改业务费要与企业财务严格分开，单独建账，专款专用。经济效益较好的单位，要从企业利润留成和包干节余中给予适当补贴。
劳改业务费应当实行“预算公开，对口协商，领导批准，统一管理，按章办事，互相监督”的管理办法。
十、大力加强犯人的生活卫生工作，逐步确定犯人生活供应的实物标准，按照当地物价水平适时调整货币标准。要把工作重点放在加强管理、减少浪费和发展自种自养上。要安排一部分老残犯为犯人食堂从事养猪、种菜等副食生产劳动，不提假定工资，所得实物全部划归犯人食堂，干警、家属一律不得占用。
十一、省（区、市）劳改局每年都要从劳改业务费的狱政业务费项目中安排部分资金用以改善技术装备。各类技术装备都必须为监管改造工作服务，由专门机构或监管工作机构统一掌握管理。
十二、进一步完善管教、生产双承包责任制。监管改造指标为保证指标，生产指标为承包指标。监管改造指标没有完成的，应当减、扣单位提取的奖金，不能以生产指标折抵监管改造指标。发生重大事故的，除按法纪、政纪查处外，还应对单位给予经济处罚。对监管改造工作在某些方面作出突出成绩的，应当发给单项奖。
附：纠正违法通知书、消除隐患通知书式样及说明
印制说明
一、《纠正违法通知书》和《消除隐患通知书》（以下简称《通知书》）均用标准八开纸张印制，规格尺寸见式样。
二、单位名称。劳改局（分局）使用的《通知书》，印××省（自治区、市）劳改局（分局）名称。劳改单位使用的，一律印对内名称。如××省（自治区、市）××监狱（劳改队）。
三、《通知书》的文号，“管纠”、“管通”前面为单位简称。（ ）内填年份，具体编号请各地自行决定。
中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法(附英文)
全国人民代表大会
中华人民共和国主席令（六届第46号）
《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于1986年12月2日通过，现予公布，自1987年5月1日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1986年12月2日
中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法
（1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议通过 1986年12月2日中华人民共和国主席令第四十六号公布 自1987年5月1日起施行）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了防止传染病由国外传入或者由国内传出，实施国境卫生检疫，保护人体健康，制定本法。
第二条 在中华人民共和国国际通航的港口、机场以及陆地边境和国界江河的口岸（以下简称国境口岸），设立国境卫生检疫机关，依照本法规定实施传染病检疫、监测和卫生监督。
国务院卫生行政部门主管全国国境卫生检疫工作。
第三条 本法规定的传染病是指检疫传染病和监测传染病。
检疫传染病，是指鼠疫、霍乱、黄热病以及国务院确定和公布的其他传染病。
监测传染病，由国务院卫生行政部门确定和公布。
第四条 入境、出境的人员、交通工具、运输设备以及可能传播检疫传染病的行李、货物、邮包等物品，都应当接受检疫，经国境卫生检疫机关许可，方准入境或者出境。具体办法由本法实施细则规定。
第五条 国境卫生检疫机关发现检疫传染病或者疑似检疫传染病时，除采取必要措施外，必须立即通知当地卫生行政部门，同时用最快的方法报告国务院卫生行政部门，最迟不得超过二十四小时。邮电部门对疫情报告应当优先传送。
中华人民共和国与外国之间的传染病疫情通报，由国务院卫生行政部门会同有关部门办理。
第六条 在国外或者国内有检疫传染病大流行的时候，国务院可以下令封锁有关的国境或者采取其他紧急措施。
第二章 检 疫
第七条 入境的交通工具和人员，必须在最先到达的国境口岸的指定地点接受检疫。除引航员外，未经国境卫生检疫机关许可，任何人不准上下交通工具，不准装卸行李、货物、邮包等物品。具体办法由本法实施细则规定。
第八条 出境的交通工具和人员，必须在最后离开的国境口岸接受检疫。
第九条 来自国外的船舶、航空器因故停泊、降落在中国境内非口岸地点的时候，船舶、航空器的负责人应当立即向就近的国境卫生检疫机关或者当地卫生行政部门报告。除紧急情况外，未经国境卫生检疫机关或者当地卫生行政部门许可，任何人不准上下船舶、航空器，不准装卸行李、货物、邮包等物品。
第十条 在国境口岸发现检疫传染病、疑似检疫传染病，或者有人非因意外伤害而死亡并死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位和交通工具的负责人，应当立即向国境卫生检疫机关报告，并申请临时检疫。
第十一条 国境卫生检疫机关依据检疫医师提供的检疫结果，对未染有检疫传染病或者已实施卫生处理的交通工具，签发入境检疫证或者出境检疫证。
第十二条 国境卫生检疫机关对检疫传染病染疫人必须立即将其隔离，隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定；对检疫传染病染疫嫌疑人应当将其留验，留验期限根据该传染病的潜伏期确定。
因患检疫传染病而死亡的尸体，必须就近火化。
第十三条 接受入境检疫的交通工具有下列情形之一的，应当实施消毒、除鼠、除虫或者其他卫生处理：
（一）来自检疫传染病疫区的；
（二）被检疫传染病污染的；
（三）发现有与人类健康有关的啮齿动物或者病媒昆虫的。
如果外国交通工具的负责人拒绝接受卫生处理，除有特殊情况外，准许该交通工具在国境卫生检疫机关的监督下，立即离开中华人民共和国国境。
第十四条 国境卫生检疫机关对来自疫区的、被检疫传染病污染的或者可能成为检疫传染病传播媒介的行李、货物、邮包等物品，应当进行卫生检查，实施消毒、除鼠、除虫或者其他卫生处理。
入境、出境的尸体、骸骨的托运人或者其代理人，必须向国境卫生检疫机关申报，经卫生检查合格后发给入境、出境许可证，方准运进或者运出。
第三章 传染病监测
第十五条 国境卫生检疫机关对入境、出境的人员实施传染病监测，并且采取必要的预防、控制措施。
第十六条 国境卫生检疫机关有权要求入境、出境的人员填写健康申明卡，出示某种传染病的预防接种证书、健康证明或者其他有关证件。
第十七条 对患有监测传染病的人、来自国外监测传染病流行区的人或者与监测传染病人密切接触的人，国境卫生检疫机关应当区别情况，发给就诊方便卡，实施留验或者采取其他预防、控制措施，并及时通知当地卫生行政部门。各地医疗单位对持有就诊方便卡的人员，应当优先诊治。
第四章 卫生监督
第十八条 国境卫生检疫机关根据国家规定的卫生标准，对国境口岸的卫生状况和停留在国境口岸的入境、出境的交通工具的卫生状况实施卫生监督：
（一）监督和指导有关人员对啮齿动物、病媒昆虫的根除；
（二）检查和检验食品、饮用水及其储存、供应、运输设施；
（三）监督从事食品、饮用水供应的从业人员的健康状况，检查其健康证明书；
（四）监督和检查垃圾、废物、污水、粪便、压舱水的处理。
第十九条 国境卫生检疫机关设立国境口岸卫生监督员，执行国境卫生检疫机关交给的任务。
国境口岸卫生监督员在执行任务时，有权对国境口岸和入境、出境的交通工具进行卫生监督和技术指导，对卫生状况不良和可能引起传染病传播的因素提出改进意见，协同有关部门采取必要的措施，进行卫生处理。
第五章 法律责任
第二十条 对违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的单位或者个人，国境卫生检疫机关可以根据情节轻重，给予警告或者罚款：
（一）逃避检疫，向国境卫生检疫机关隐瞒真实情况的；
（二）入境的人员未经国境卫生检疫机关许可，擅自上下交通工具，或者装卸行李、货物、邮包等物品，不听劝阻的。
罚款全部上缴国库。
第二十一条 当事人对国境卫生检疫机关给予的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起十五日内，向当地人民法院起诉。逾期不起诉又不履行的，国境卫生检疫机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十二条 违反本法规定，引起检疫传染病传播或者有引起检疫传染病传播严重危险的，依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百七十八条的规定追究刑事责任。
第二十三条 国境卫生检疫机关工作人员，应当秉公执法，忠于职守，对入境、出境的交通工具和人员，及时进行检疫；违法失职的，给予行政处分，情节严重构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第六章 附 则
第二十四条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关卫生检疫的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定。但是，中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第二十五条 中华人民共和国边防机关与邻国边防机关之间在边境地区的往来，居住在两国边境接壤地区的居民在边境指定地区的临时往来，双方的交通工具和人员的入境、出境检疫，依照双方协议办理，没有协议的，依照中国政府的有关规定办理。
第二十六条 国境卫生检疫机关实施卫生检疫，按照国家规定收取费用。
第二十七条 国务院卫生行政部门根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准后施行。
第二十八条 本法自１９８７年５月１日起施行。１９５７年１２月２３日公布的《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫条例》同时废止。
FRONTIER HEALTH AND QUARANTINE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFCHINA
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
FRONTIER HEALTH AND QUARANTINE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA
(Adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 46 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on December 2, 1986, and
effective as of May 1, 1987)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Quarantine Inspection
Chapter III Monitoring of Infectious Diseases
Chapter IV Health Supervision
Chapter V Legal Liability
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated in order to prevent infectious diseases from
spreading into or out of the country, to carry out frontier health and
quarantine inspection and to protect human health.
Article 2
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall be set up at international
seaports, airports and ports of entry at land frontiers and boundary
rivers (hereinafter referred to as "frontier ports") of the People's
Republic of China. These offices shall carry out the quarantining and
monitoring of infectious diseases, and health inspection in accordance
with the provisions of this Law.
Health administration departments under the State Council shall be in
charge of frontier health and quarantine work throughout the country.
Article 3
Infectious diseases specified in this Law shall include quarantinable
infectious diseases and infectious diseases to be monitored.
Quarantinable infectious diseases shall include plague, cholera, yellow
fever and other infectious diseases determined and announced by the State
Council. Infectious diseases to be monitored shall be determined and
announced by health administration departments under the State Council.
Article 4
Persons, conveyances and transport equipment, as well as articles such as
baggage, goods and postal parcels that may transmit quarantinable
infectious diseases, shall undergo quarantine inspection upon entering or
exiting the country. No entry or exit shall be allowed without the
permission of a frontier health and quarantine office. Specific measures
for implementation of this Law shall be stipulated in detailed
regulations.
Article 5
On discovering a quarantinable infectious disease or a disease suspected
to be quarantinable, a frontier health and quarantine office shall, in
addition to taking necessary measures, immediately notify the local health
administration department; at the same time, it shall make a report to the
health administration department under the State Council by the most
expeditious means possible, within 24 hours at the latest. Post and
telecommunications departments shall give priority to transmissions of
reports of epidemic diseases.
Messages exchanged between the People's Republic of China and foreign
countries on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases shall be
handled by the health administration department under the State Council in
conjunction with other departments concerned.
Article 6
When a quarantinable infectious disease is prevalent abroad or within
China, the State Council may order relevant sections of the border to be
blockaded or adopt other emergency measures.
Chapter II Quarantine Inspection
Article 7
Persons and conveyances on entering the country shall be subject to
quarantine inspection at designated places at the first frontier port of
their arrival. Except for harbour pilots, no person shall be allowed to
embark on or disembark from any means of transport and no articles such as
baggage, goods or postal parcels shall be loaded or unloaded without the
health and quarantine inspector's permission. Specific measures for the
implementation of this Law shall be stipulated in detailed regulations.
Article 8
Persons and conveyances exiting the country shall be subject to quarantine
inspection at the last frontier port of departure.
Article 9
When foreign ships or airborne vehicles anchor or land at places other
than frontier ports in China, the persons in charge of the ships or
airborne vehicles must report immediately to the nearest frontier health
and quarantine office or to the local health administration department.
Except in cases of emergency, no person shall be allowed to embark on or
disembark from the ship or airborne vehicle, and no articles such as
baggage, goods and postal parcels shall be loaded or unloaded without the
permission of a frontier health and quarantine office or the local health
administration department.
Article 10
When a quarantinable infectious disease, a disease suspected to be
quarantinable or a death due to an unidentified cause other than
accidental harm is discovered at a frontier port, the relevant department
at the frontier port and the person in charge of the conveyance must
report immediately to the frontier health and quarantine office and apply
for provisional quarantine inspection.
Article 11
According to the results of an inspection made by quarantine doctors, the
frontier health and quarantine office shall sign and issue a quarantine
certificate for entry or exit to a conveyance either uncontaminated by any
quarantinable infectious disease or already given decontamination
treatment.
Article 12
A person having a quarantinable infectious disease shall be placed in
isolation by the frontier health and quarantine office for a period
determined by the results of the medical examination, while a person
suspected of having a quarantinable infectious disease shall be kept for
inspection for a period determined by the incubation period of such
disease. The corpse of anyone who died from a quarantinable infectious
disease must be cremated at a nearby place.
Article 13
Any conveyance subject to entry quarantine inspection shall be
disinfected, deratted, treated with insecticides or given other sanitation
measures when found to be in any of the following conditions:
(1) having come from an area where a quarantinable infectious disease is
epidemic;
(2) being contaminated by a quarantinable infectious disease; or
(3) revealing the presence of rodents which affect human health or insects
which are carriers of disease.
Apart from exceptional cases, when the person in charge of the foreign
conveyance refuses to allow sanitation measures to be taken, the
conveyance shall be allowed to leave the frontier of the People's Republic
of China without delay under the supervision of the frontier health and
quarantine office.
Article 14
A frontier health and quarantine office shall conduct sanitation
inspections and disinfect, derate, treat with insecticides or apply other
sanitation measures to articles such as baggage, goods and postal parcels
that come from an epidemic area and are contaminated by a quarantinable
infectious disease or may act as a vehicle of a quarantinable infectious
disease.
A consignor or an agent for the transportation of a corpse or human
remains into or out of the country must declare the matter to a frontier
health and quarantine office; transport thereof, in either direction
across the border, shall not be allowed until sanitary inspection proves
satisfactory and an entry or exit permit is given.
Chapter III Monitoring of Infectious Diseases
Article 15
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall monitor persons on entry or
exit for quarantinable infectious diseases and shall take necessary
preventive and control measures.
Article 16
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall be authorized to require
persons on entry or exit to complete a health declaration form and produce
certificates of vaccination against certain infectious diseases, a health
certificate or other relevant documents.
Article 17
For persons who suffer from infectious diseases to be monitored, who come
from areas in foreign countries where infectious diseases to be monitored
are epidemic or who have close contact with patients suffering from
infectious diseases to be monitored, the frontier health and quarantine
offices shall, according to each case, issue them medical convenience
cards, keep them for inspection or take other preventive or control
measures, while promptly notifying the local health administration
department about such cases. Medical services at all places shall give
priority in consultation and treatment to persons possessing medical
convenience cards.
Chapter IV Health Supervision
Article 18
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall, in accordance with state
health standards, exercise health supervision over the sanitary conditions
at frontier ports and the sanitary conditions of conveyances on entry or
exit at frontier ports. They shall:
(1) supervise and direct concerned personnel on the prevention and
elimination of rodents and insects that carry diseases;
(2) inspect and test food and drinking water and facilities for their
storage, supply and delivery;
(3) supervise the health of employees engaged in the supply of food and
drinking water and check their health certificates; and
(4) supervise and inspect the disposal of garbage, waste matter, sewage,
excrement and ballast water.
Article 19
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall have frontier port health
supervisors, who shall carry out the tasks assigned by the frontier health
and quarantine offices. In performing their duties, frontier port health
supervisors shall be authorized to conduct health supervision and give
technical guidance regarding frontier ports and conveyances on entry or
exit; to give advice for improvement wherever sanitary conditions are
unsatisfactory and factors exist that may spread infectious diseases; and
to coordinate departments concerned to take necessary measures and apply
sanitary treatment.
Chapter V Legal Liability
Article 20
A frontier health and quarantine office may warn or fine, according to the
circumstances, any unit or individual that has violated the provisions of
this Law by committing any of the following acts:
(1) evading quarantine inspection or withholding the truth in reports to
the frontier health and quarantine office;
(2) embarking on or disembarking from conveyances upon entry, or loading
or unloading articles such as baggage, goods or postal parcels, without
the permission of a frontier health and quarantine office and refusing to
listen to the office's advice against such acts. All fines thus collected
shall be turned over to the state treasury.
Article 21
If a concerned party refuses to obey a decision on a fine made by a
frontier health and quarantine office, he may, within 15 days after
receiving notice of the fine, file a lawsuit in a local people's court.
The frontier health and quarantine office may apply to the people's court
for mandatory enforcement of a decision if the concerned party neither
files a lawsuit nor obeys the decision within the 15-day term.
Article 22
If a quarantinable infectious disease is caused to spread or is in great
danger of being spread as a result of a violation of the provisions of
this Law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with
Article 178 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 23
The personnel of frontier health and quarantine offices must enforce this
Law impartially, perform duties faithfully and promptly conduct quarantine
inspection on conveyances and persons upon entry or exit. Those who
violate the law or are derelict in their duties shall be given
disciplinary sanctions; where circumstances are serious enough to
constitute a crime criminal responsibility shall be investigated in
accordance with the law.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 24
Where the provisions of this Law differ from those of international
treaties on health and quarantine that China has concluded or joined, the
provisions of such international treaties shall prevail, with the
exception of the treaty clauses on which the People's Republic of China
has declared reservations.
Article 25
In cases of temporary contact between frontier defence units of the
People's Republic of China and those of a neighbouring country, of a
temporary visit at a designated place on the frontier by residents of the
border areas of the two countries and of entry or exit of conveyances and
persons of the two sides, quarantine inspection shall be conducted in line
with the agreements between China and the other country or, in the absence
of such an agreement, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the
Chinese Government.
Article 26
Frontier health and quarantine offices shall charge for health and
quarantine services according to state regulations.
Article 27
The health administration department under the State Council shall, in
accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which
shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State
Council.
Article 28
This Law shall go into effect on May 1, 1987. On the same day, the
Frontier Health and Quarantine Regulations of the People's Republic of
China promulgated on December 23, 1957, shall be invalidated.
